Research Papers (1990-2009) Ewert J.-P. (2009) Neural correlates of key stimulus and releasing mechanism. In: Bolhuis J. and Giraldeau L.-A. (Eds.) Animal Behaviour Vol.1. Sage Publications Ltd., London Kutschera U., Burghagen H., and Ewert J.-P. (2008) Prey-catching behaviour in mudskippers and toads: a comparative analysis. OnLine J. Biol. Sci. 8(2): 41-43 Funke S. and Ewert J.-P. (2006) Neuropeptide Y suppresses glucose utilization in the dorsal optic tectum towards visual stimulation in the toad Bombina orientalis: a 14C-2DG study. Neuroci. Lett.392(1-2): 43-46 Ewert J.-P. and Schwippert W.W. (2006) Modulation of visual perception and action by forebrain structures and their interactions in amphibians. In: Levin E.D. (Ed.) Neurotransmitter Interactions and Cognitive Function. Birkhäuser, Basel, pp. 99-136 Ewert J.-P. (2004) Stimulus perception. Chapter 2 in: Bolhuis J.J. and Giraldeau L.-A. (Eds.) The Behavior of Animals: Mechanisms, Function, and Evolution. Blackwell. pp.13-40 Ewert J.-P. (2004) Motion perception shapes the visual world of amphibians. In: Prete F.R. (Ed.) Complex Worlds from Simpler Nervous Systems. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. pp.117-160 Ewert J.-P. (2004) Instinct, evolving concept: toad model. In: Adelman G. and Smith B.H. (Eds.) Elsevier's Encyclopedia of Neuroscience (3rd Edn.). Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam Ewert J.-P., Cooper J.E., Langton T., Matz G., Reilly K., and Schwantje H. (2004) Proposals for the revision of Appendix A of the Convention ETS 123. Species-specific proposals for Amphibians (1A). Recommendations of the Group of Experts on Amphibians and Reptiles. Council of Europe. Directorate General I - Legal Affairs, Department of Public Law Ewert J.-P., Cooper J.E., Langton T., Matz G., Reilly K., and Schwantje H. (2004) Proposals for the revision of Appendix A of the Convention ETS 123. Species-specific proposals for Amphibians (1B). Scientific Background. Council of Europe. Directorate General I - Legal Affairs, Department of Public Law. pp.1-47 Ewert J.-P., Cooper J.E., Langton T., Matz G., Reilly K., and Schwantje H. (2004) Proposals for the revision of Appendix A of the Convention ETS 123. Species-specific proposals for Reptiles (2A). Recommendations of the Group of Experts on Amphibians and Reptiles. Council of Europe. Directorate General I - Legal Affairs, Department of Public Law Ewert J.-P., Cooper J.E., Langton T., Matz G., Reilly K., and Schwantje H. (2004) Proposals for the revision of Appendix A of the Convention ETS 123. Species-specific proposals for Reptiles (2B). Scientific Background. Council of Europe. Directorate General I - Legal Affairs, Department of Public Law. pp.1-41 Ewert J.-P. (2003) Command neurons and command systems. In: Arbib M.A. (Ed.) The Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks (2nd Edn.). MIT Press, Cambridge. pp.233-238 Ewert J.-P., Buxbaum-Conradi H., Dreisvogt F., Glagow M., Merkel-Harff C., Röttgen A., Schürg-Pfeiffer E., and Schwippert W.W. (2001) Neural modulation of visuomotor functions underlying prey-catching behaviour in anurans: perception, attention, motor performance, learning. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A, 128(3): 417-461 Buxbaum-Conradi H. and Ewert J.-P. (1999) Responses of single neurons in the toad's caudal ventral striatum to moving visual stimuli and test of their efferent projection by extracellular antidromic stimulation/recording techniques. Brain Behav. Evol. 54: 338-354 Ewert J.-P. (1999) Neural basis of behavior. Instinct, evolving concept: toad model [Illustrated by video clips]. In: Adelman G. and Smith B.H. (Eds.) Elsevier's Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. DVD Version with Animations by Engineering Animation Inc. [www.elsevier.com/locate/encneu]. Print Version, 2nd Edn. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, pp.967-972 Ewert J.-P., Buxbaum-Conradi H., Glagow M., Röttgen A., Schürg-Pfeiffer E., and Schwippert W.W. (1999) Forebrain and midbrain structures involved in prey-catching behaviour of toads: stimulus-response mediating circuits and their modulating loops. European Journal of Morphology 37: 111-115 Glagow M. and Ewert J.-P. (1999) Apomorphine alters prey-catching patterns in the common toad: behavioral experiments and 14C-2-deoxyglucose brain mapping studies. Brain Behav. Evol. 54: 223-242 Schwippert W.W., Röttgen A., and Ewert J.-P. (1998) Neuropeptide Y (NPY) or fragment NPY13-36, but not NPY18-36 inhibit retino-tectal transfer in cane toads Bufo marinus. Neurosci. Lett. 253: 33-36 Ewert J.-P. (1997) Schlüsselreiz und Auslösemechanismus - Heutiger Stand der Konzepte am Beispiel des Beutefangs der Erdkröte. Praxis der Naturwissenschaften PdN-Bio 46(5): 45-46; PdN-Bio 46(6): 42-47 Ewert J.-P. (1997) Neural correlates of key stimulus and releasing mechanism: a case study and two concepts. Trends Neurosci. 20(8): 332-339 Glagow M. and Ewert J.-P. (1997) Dopaminergic modulation of visual responses in toads. I) Apomorphine-induced effects on visually directed appetitive and consummatory prey-catching behavior. J. Comp. Physiol. A 180: 1-9 Glagow M. and Ewert J.-P. (1997) Dopaminergic modulation of visual responses in toads. II) Influences of apomorphine on retinal ganglion cells and tectal cells. J. Comp. Physiol. A 180: 11-18 Ewert J.-P., Schürg-Pfeiffer E., and Schwippert W.W. (1996) Influence of pretectal lesions on tectal responses to visual stimulation in anurans: field potential, single neuron and behavior analyses. Acta Biol. Hung. 47(1-4): 89-111 Ewert J.-P., Fingerling S., Bös S., and Hesebeck O. (1996) Sorting objects: a neuroethological principle, obtained in toads, implemented by an artificial neuronal net. In: Elsner N., Schnitzler U. (Eds.) Brain and evolution. Symposium Computational Neuroethology and Artificial Life 24. Göttinger Neurobiologentagung. Thieme, Stuttgart Glagow M. and Ewert J.-P. (1996) Apomorphine-induced suppression of prey oriented turning in toads is correlated with activity changes in pretectum and tectum: [14C]2DG studies and single cell recordings. Neurosci. Lett. 220: 215-218 Schwippert W.W., Beneke T.W., and Ewert J.-P. (1996) Disproportionate distribution of field potentials across the toad's tectal visual map in response to diffuse light ON and OFF stimulations. Vision Res. 36(1): 19-26 Wachowitz S. and Ewert J.-P. (1996) A key by which the toad's visual system gets access to the domain of prey. Physiol. Behav. 60(3): 877-887 Ewert J.-P. (1995) Bildverarbeitung im Sehsystem der Erdkröte - Verhalten, Hirnfunktion, Künstliches Neuronales Netz. Wiss. Film Nr. C 1805. Publ. Wiss. Film Biol. 22: 73-150 Ewert J.-P. (1995) Command neurons and command systems. In: Arbib M.A. (Ed.) (1st Edn.) The Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks. MIT Press, Cambridge MA. pp.215-220 Gernert M. and Ewert J.-P. (1995) Cholinergic, GABAergic, and dopaminergic influences on visually evoked field potentials in the superficial optic tectum of Bufo marinus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 112A(3/4): 387-401 Schwippert J.-P. and Ewert J.-P. (1995) Effect of neuropeptide-Y on tectal field potentials in the toad. Brain Res. 669: 150-152 Buxbaum-Conradi H. and Ewert J.-P. (1995) Pretecto-tectal influences. I) What the toad's pretectum tells its tectum: an antidromic stimulation/recording study. J. Comp. Physiol. A 176: 169-180 Schwippert W.W., Beneke T.W., and Ewert J.-P. (1995) Pretecto-tectal influences. II) How retinal and pretectal inputs to the toad's superficial tectum interact: a study of electrically evoked field potentials. J. Comp. Physiol. A 176: 181-192 Spreckelsen C., Schürg-Pfeiffer E., and Ewert J.-P. (1995) Responses of retinal and tectal neurons in non-paralyzed toads Bufo bufo and B. marinus to the real size versus angular size of objects moved at variable distance. Neurosci. Lett. 184: 105-108 Ewert J.-P. (1994) Tinbergens Konzept der Gestalt-Wahrnehmung für die Auslösung von Verhaltensweisen durch Schlüsselreize: Beweise aus ethologischer und neuroethologischer Sicht. In: Neumann G.H., Scharf K.H. (Hrsg.) Vergleichende Verhaltensbiologie - gegenwärtiger Forschungsstand. Aulis-Verlag Deubner, Köln, pp.197-227 Ewert J.-P., Beneke T.W., Schürg-Pfeiffer E., Schwippert W.W., and Weerasuriya A. (1994) Sensorimotor processes that underlie feeding behavior in tetrapods. In: Bels V.L., Chardon M., Vandevalle P. (Eds.) Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology, Vol. 18: Biomechanics of Feeding in Vertebrates. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp. 119-161 Ewert J.-P., Dinges A.W., and Finkenstädt T. (1994) Species-universal stimulus responses, modified through conditioning, re-appear after telencephalic lesions in toads. Naturwissenschaften 81: 317-320 Glagow M. and Ewert J.-P. (1994) Increases of excitatory receptive fields of retinal ganglion cells in common toads under apomorphine are not associated with size preference in prey-snapping. Neurosci. Lett. 173: 83-86 Dinges A.W. and Ewert J.-P. (1993) Interocular transfer of visual associative memory in toads Bufo bufo spinosus. Naturwissenschaften 80: 285-286 Fingerling S., Ewert J.-P., Menzel R., and Pfeiffer F. (1993) From the toad to a robot: implementation of neurobiological principles of object discrimination in neural engineering. Naturwissenschaften 80: 321-324 Schürg-Pfeiffer E., Spreckelsen C., and Ewert J.-P. (1993) Temporal discharge patterns of tectal and medullary neurons chronically recorded during snapping toward prey in toads Bufo bufo spinosus. J. Comp. Physiol. A 173: 363-376 Beneke T.W., Schwippert W.W., and Ewert J.-P. (1992) Pretectal inputs to the optic tectum of toads - changes of field potentials. Verh. Dtsch. Zool. Ges. 85: 57 Beneke T.W., Schwippert W.W., and Ewert J.-P. (1992) Visual inputs to the optic tectum revealed by field potential measurements. In: Elsner N., Richter D.W. (Eds.) Rhythmogenesis in Neurons and Networks. Proc. of the 20th Gött. Neurobiol. Conf., p.313 Ewert J.-P. (1992) Neuroethology of an object features relating algorithm and its modification by learning. Rev. Neurosci. 3: 45-63 Ewert J.-P. (1992) Neurobiologische Konzepte für visuelle Wahrnehmungsphänomene. In: Montada L. (Hrsg.) Bericht über den 38. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie, Bd. 2. Hogrefe Verlag für Psychologie, Göttingen, Bern, Toronto, Seattle Ewert J.-P. (1992) Neural principles of visual pattern discrimination in toads and possible applications for neural engineering. In: Okamoto M., Shimizu K. (Eds.) Advanced Computing for Life Science. ISKIT '92. Fujiki Printing Co. Ltd., Iizuka, Japan, pp.185-190 Ewert J.-P., Beneke T.W., Buxbaum-Conradi H., Dinges A.W., Fingerling S., Glagow M., Schürg-Pfeiffer E., and Schwippert W.W. (1992) Adapted and adaptive properties in neural networks for visual pattern discrimination: A neurobiological analysis toward neural engineering. Adaptive Behavior 1(2): 123-154 Ewert J.-P., Schürg-Pfeiffer E., Schwippert W.W. (1992) Neural processes between visual sign stimuli and head movement in toads.In: Berthoz A., Graf W., Vidal P.P. (Eds.) The Head-Neck Sensory Motor System. Oxford Univ Press, New York, Oxford, pp.79-84 Glagow M. and Ewert J.-P. (1992) The influence of apomorphine on prey-catching and visually evoked excitability of retinal class-R2-neurons in toads Bufo bufo. Verh. Dtsch. Zool. Ges. 85: 66 Glagow M. and Ewert J.-P. (1992) The influence of apomorphine on prey-catching and visually evoked excitability of retinal class-R2-neurons in toads Bufo bufo. In: Elsner N., Richter D.W. (Eds.) Rhythmogenesis in Neurons and Networks. Proceedings of the 20th Gött. Neurobiol. Conf., p.312 Schürg-Pfeiffer E., Spreckelsen C., and Ewert J.-P. (1992) The effect of apomorphine on the accuracy of prey snapping in the toad (Bufo bufo spinosus L.). Abstr. 15th Ann. Meeting European Neurosci. Ass., München, p.279 Wang D.L. and Ewert J.-P. (1992) Configurational pattern discrimination responsible for dishabituation in common toads Bufo bufo (L.): behavioral tests of the predictions of a neural model. J. Comp. Physiol. A 170: 317-325 Ewert J.-P. (1991) A prospectus for the fruitful interaction between neuroethology and neural engineering. In: Arbib M.A., Ewert J.-P. (Eds.) Visual Structures and Integrated Functions. Research Notes in Neural Computing Vol. 3. Springer-Verlag, New York, Berlin, Heidelberg, London, Paris, Tokyo, pp.31-56 Ewert J.-P. (1991) Striato-pretecto-tectal connections: a substrate for arousing the toad's response to prey. In: Arbib M.A., Ewert J.-P. (Eds.) Visual Structures and Integrated Functions. Research Notes in Neural Computing Vol. 3. Springer-Verlag, New York, Berlin, Heidelberg, London, Paris, Tokyo, pp.297-306 Ewert J.-P. (1991) Schritte visueller Signalverarbeitung für die Auslösung des Beutefangs der Erdkröte: Neurobiologie eines Merkmalsbeziehungs-Algorithmus und dessen Beeinflussung durch Lernen. Zool. Jb. Physiol. 95: 259-277 Ewert J.-P. (1991) Challenges from neuroethology for neural engineering. In: Ewert J.-P., Werner H. (Eds.) Models of Brain Function & Artificial Neuronal Nets. GhK Univ. Edition, Kassel, pp.29-66 Ewert J.-P., Matsumoto N., Schwippert W.W., and Beneke T.W. (1991) Striato-pretecto-tectal connections: a substrate for arousing the toad's response to prey. In: Arbib M.A., Ewert J.-P. (Eds.) Visual Structures and Integrated Functions. Research Notes in Neural Computing, Vol. 3. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Paris, Tokyo, pp.297-306 Matsumoto N., Schwippert W.W., Beneke T.W., and Ewert J.-P. (1991) Forebrain-mediated control of visually guided prey-catching in toads: investigation of striato-pretectal connections with intracellular recording/labeling methods. Behav. Processes 25: 27-40 Merkel-Harff C. and Ewert J.-P. (1991) Learning-related modulation of toad's responses to prey by neural loops involving the forebrain. In: Arbib M.A., Ewert J.-P. (Eds.) Visual Structures and Integrated Functions. Research Notes in Neural Computing 3. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Paris, Tokyo, pp.417-426 Schürg-Pfeiffer E. (1991) Properties of prey-selective neurons in the behaving toad. In: Ewert J.-P., Werner H. (Eds.) Models of Brain Function & Artificial Neuronal Nets. GhK Univ. Edition Kassel, pp.121-137 Wang D.L., Arbib M.A., and Ewert J.-P. (1991) Dishabituation hierarchies for visual pattern discrimination in toads. A dialogue between modeling and experimentation. In: Arbib M.A., Ewert J.-P. (Eds.) Visual Structures and Integrated Functions. Research Notes in Neural Computing Vol. 3. Springer-Verlag, New York, Berlin, Heidelberg, London, Paris, Tokyo, pp.427-441 Schürg-Pfeiffer E., Spreckelsen C., and Ewert J.-P. (1990) Tectal small-field neurons recorded in prey-catching toads are sensitive to the real object size. Euro. J. Neurosci. Suppl. 3: 186 Ewert J.-P., Finkenstädt T., and Beneke T.W. (1990) Neural correlates of species-universal prey recognition and its modification by associative learning in toads. In: Fantoni F. (Ed.) Cognitive Neuroscience Vol. 3. European Brain & Behaviour Society, Materiali della Fondazione Sigma Tau, serie a cura di Padua. Donghi, pp.58-59 Ewert J.-P., Schwippert W.W., and Beneke T.W. (1990) Parallel distributed processing of configural moving objects in the toad's visual system. In: Eckmiller R., Hartmann G., Hauske G. (Eds.) Parallel Processing in Neural Systems and Computers. North-Holland, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford, Tokyo, pp.109-112 Matsumoto N., Schwippert W.W., Beneke T.W., and Ewert J.-P. (1990) Intracellular responses in toad's striatal and pretectal neurons evoked by stimulation of the lateral forebrain bundle. In: Elsner N., Roth G. (Eds.) Brain – Perception - Cognition. Proceedings of the 18th Gött. Neurobiol. Conf. Thieme, Stuttgart, New York, p.228 Merkel-Harff C., Finkenstädt T., and Ewert J.-P. (1990) Olfactory learning in the common toad - a 2DG study. In: Elsner N., Roth G. (Eds.) Brain-Perception-Cognition. Proceedings of the 18th Gött. Neurobiol. Conf. Thieme, Stuttgart, New York, p.434 Schürg-Pfeiffer E., Spreckelsen C., Schluckebier R., and Ewert J.-P. (1990) Computer-aided comparison between chronically recorded neuronal activities and behavior in toads. In: Elsner N., Roth G. (Eds.) Brain – Perception - Cognition. Proceedings of the 18th Gött. Neurobiol. Conf. G Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, p.85 Ewert J.-P., Framing E.M., Schürg-Pfeiffer E., and Weerasuriya A. (1990) Responses of medullary neurons to moving visual stimuli in the common toad: I) Characterization of medial reticular neurons by extracellular recording. J. Comp. Physiol. A 167: 495-508 Schwippert W.W., Beneke T.W., Ewert J.-P. (1990) Responses of medullary neurons to moving visual stimuli in the common toad: II) An intracellular recording and cobalt-lysine labeling study. J. Comp. Physiol. A 167: 509-520 Research Papers (1964-1989) Beck A, Ewert J-P (1979) Prey selection by toads (Bufo bufo L) in response to configurational stimuli moving in the visual field z,y-coordinates. J Comp Physiol 129: 207-209 Borchers H-W, Ewert J-P (1978) Eye closure in toads (Bufo bufo L) does not produce off-responses in retinal on-off ganglion cells: a question of efferent commands. J Comp Physiol 125: 301-303 Borchers H-W, Ewert J-P (1979) Correlation between behavioral and neuronal activities of toads Bufo bufo (L) in response to moving configurational prey stimuli. Behav Processes 4: 99-106 Borchers H-W, Burghagen H, Ewert J-P (1978) Key stimuli of prey for toads (Bufo bufo L): configuration and movement patterns. J Comp Physiol 128: 189-192 Burghagen H, Ewert J-P (1982) Question of "head preference" in response to worm-like dummies during prey capture of toads Bufo bufo. Behav Processes 7: 295-306 Burghagen H, Ewert J-P (1983) Influence of the background for discriminating object motion from self-induced motion in toads Bufo bufo (L). J Comp Physiol 152: 241-249 Ewert J-P (1964) Untersuchungen über die Dispersion der Fichtenspinnmilbe Paratetranychus (Oligonychus) ununguis (Jacobi) auf einer Jungkultur. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz 71/10: 573-593 Ewert J-P (1965) Der Einfluß peripherer Sinnesorgane und des Zentralnervensystems auf die Antwortbereitschaft bei der Richtbewegung der Erdkröte (Bufo bufo L). Zool Inst Univ Göttingen Druck, Göttingen Ewert J-P (1966) Die Orientierung der Fichtengallenlaus Sacchiphantes abietis (L) beim Austritt der Galle. Naturwissenschaften 53/4: 112-113 Ewert J-P (1967) Aktivierung der Verhaltensfolge beim Beutefang der Erdkröte (Bufo bufo L) durch elektrische Mittelhirnreizung. Z Vergl Physiol 54: 455-481 Ewert J-P (1967) Der Einfluß von Störreizen auf die Antwortbereitschaft bei der Richtbewegung der Erdkröte (Bufo bufo L). Zeitschrift Tierpsychologie 24: 298-312 Ewert J-P (1967) Elektrische Reizung des retinalen Projektionsfeldes im Mittelhirn der Erdkröte (Bufo bufo L). Pflügers Arch 295: 90-98 Ewert J-P (1967) Untersuchungen über die Anteile zentralnervöser Aktionen an der taxisspezifischen Ermüdung der Erdkröte (Bufo bufo L). Z Vergl Physiol 57: 263-298 Ewert J-P (1967) Untersuchungen über die Dispersion der Fichtengallenlaus Sacchiphantes (Chermes) abietis (L) auf gewöhnlichen Kulturen, Einzelstammabsaaten und Klonen ihrer Wirtspflanze. Zeitschrift angewandte Entomologie 59/3: 272-291 Ewert J-P (1967) Untersuchungen über die Orientierung der Alatae von Sacchiphantes (Chermes) abietis (L) auf Galle und Trieb. Zoologische Beiträge 13/1: 1-27 Ewert J-P (1968) Der Einfluß von Zwischenhirndefekten auf die Visuomotorik im Beute- und Fluchtverhalten der Erdkröte (Bufo bufo L). Z Vergl Physiol 61: 41-70 Ewert, J-P (1968) Verhaltensphysiologische Untersuchungen zum "stroboskopischen Sehen" der Erdkröte (Bufo bufo L). Pflügers Archiv 299: 158-166 Ewert J-P (1969) Das Beutefangverhalten zwischenhirndefekter Erdkröten (Bufo bufo L) gegenüber bewegten und ruhenden visuellen Mustern. Pflügers Arch 306: 210-218 Ewert J-P (1969) Quantitative Analyse von Reiz-Reaktions-Beziehungen bei visuellem Auslösen der Beutefang-Wendereaktion der Erdkröte (Bufo bufo L). Pflügers Arch 308: 225-243 Ewert J-P (1970) Neural mechanisms of prey-catching and avoidance behavior in the toad (Bufo bufo L). Brain Behav Evol 3/1-4: 36-56 Ewert J-P (1970) Aufnahme und Verarbeitung visueller Informationen im Beutefang- und Fluchtverhalten der Erdkröte Bufo bufo (L). Verhandl Dtsch Zool Ges 64: 218-226 Ewert J-P (1971) Single unit response of the toad (Bufo americanus) caudal thalamus to visual objects. Z Vergl Physiol 74: 81-102 Ewert J-P (1972) Zentralnervöse Analyse und Verarbeitung visueller Sinnesreize. Naturw Rdsch 25/1: 1-11 Ewert J-P (1973) Lokalisation und Identifikation im visuellen System der Wirbeltiere. Fortschritte der Zoologie 21: 307-333 Ewert J-P (1974) The neural basis of visually guided behavior. Sci Amer 230: 34-42 Ewert J-P (1975) Neurobiologie eines angeborenen Auslösemechanismus. Umschau 75/8: 247-249 Ewert J-P (1975) Neurobiologische Grundlagen für die Lokalisation und Identifikation von optischen Umweltreizen. Berichte zur Physikalisch-Medizinischen Gesellschaft zu Würzburg 83: 1-10 Ewert J-P (1975) Probleme und Lösungswege bei der Untersuchung von Mustererkennungsprozessen. Math Nat Unterricht (MNU) 28/2: 88-96 Ewert J-P (1976) Neuro-Ethologie. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York Ewert J-P (1976) The neural basis of visually guided behavior. In: Held R (ed) Recent progress in perception. Freeman, San Francisco, pp 96-104 Ewert J-P (1976) The visual system of the toad: behavioral and physiological studies on a pattern recognition system . In: Fite KV (ed) The amphibian visual system: a multidisciplinary approach. Academic Press, New York, pp 141-202 Ewert J-P (1978) Sensorische Erkennungsssysteme. In: Stamm A, Zeier H (Hrsg) Die Psychologie des 20. Jahrhunderts, Bd. VI, Lorenz und die Folgen. Kindler Verlag, Zürich, pp 715-749 Ewert J-P (1979) Neural coding of 'worms' and 'antiworms' in the brain of toads: the question of hardwired and softwired systems. In: Laming PR (ed) Brain mechanisms of behaviour in lower vertebrates. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, pp 137-168 Ewert J-P (1979) Neurobiologische Grundlagen für das Erkennen von figuralen Beuteschlüsselreizen bei der Erdkröte Bufo bufo (L). Verh Dtsch Zool Ges 1979: 225 Ewert J-P (1980) Neuroethology: an introduction to the neurophysiological fundamentals of behavior. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York [German edition, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York 1976; Japanese edition, Baifukan, Tokyo 1982; Chinese edition, Peking Science Press, Peking 1983] Ewert J-P (1982) Neural basis of configurational prey selection in common toads. In: Ingle DJ, Goodale MA, Mansfield RJW (eds) The analysis of visual behavior. MIT Press, Cambridge, pp 7-46 Ewert J-P (1982) Advances in vertebrate neuroethology. Trends in Neurosciences (TINS) 5: 141-143 Ewert J-P (1983) How does a toad distinguish prey? ANIMA Japanese Journal of Natural History, Tokyo 125/7: 74-83 Ewert J-P (1984) Das sensorische Interface beim Beutefang der Erdkröte. Neurobiologentagung Abstr 1984: 43-47 Ewert J-P (1984) Neuronal basis of commands related to signal localization and identification in the prey-catching toad. Int Union for Physiol Sci IUPS 84: 370 Ewert J-P (1984) Tectal mechanisms that underlie prey-catching and avoidance behaviors in toads. In: Vanegas H (ed) Comparative neurology of the optic tectum. Plenum Press, New York London, pp 247-416 Ewert J-P (1984) Neuroethologie und Kybernetik: Visuelle Steuerung des Beutefangs bei der Kröte. Praxis der Naturwissenschaften - Biologie 12/33: 353-372 Ewert J-P (1984) Vom Neuron zum "Hirn-Chip". Prisma 32: 10-17 Ewert J-P (1984) Behavioral selectivity based on thalamo-tectal interactions: ontogenetic and phylogenetic aspects in amphibians. Behav Brain Sci 7: 337-338 Ewert J-P (1985) The Niko Tinbergen lecture 1983: concepts in vertebrate neuroethology. Anim Behav 33: 1-29 Ewert J-P (1987) Neuroethology: toward a functional analysis of stimulus-response mediating and modulating neural circuitries. In: Ellen P, Thinus-Blanc C (eds) Cognitive processes and spatial orientation in animal and man Vol I. Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, pp 177-200 Ewert J-P (1987) Measuring visual discrimination: principles in configurational perception. In: Guthrie DM (ed) Aims and methods in neuroethology. Manchester University Press, pp 152-206 Ewert J-P (1987) Advantage of modeling in neuroscience. Behav Brain Sci 10(3): 438 Ewert J-P (1987) Neuroethology of releasing mechanisms: prey-catching in toads. Behav Brain Sci 10: 337-405 Ewert J-P (1987) The evolutionary aspect of cognitive functions. Behav Brain Sci 10(3): 481 Ewert J-P (1987) Toad's prey-catching: a complex system with heuristic value. Behav Brain Sci 10: 389-398 Ewert J-P (1988) Gehirn und Umwelt: Von physikalischer Realität zu physiologischer Repräsentation. In: Kasseler Hochschulbund (Hrsg) "Naturwissenschaften an der Universität Kassel". Bärenreiter Verlag, Kassel, pp 23-46 Ewert J-P (1989) Instinct, current concepts. In: Adelman G (ed) Neuroscience year 1988: The yearbook of the enzyclopedia of neuroscience. Birkhäuser, Boston Basel Berlin, pp 83-88 Ewert J-P (1989) The release of visual behavior in toads: stages of parallel/hierarchical information processing. In: Ewert J-P, Arbib MA (eds) Visuomotor coordination, amphibians, comparisons, models, and robots. Plenum Press, New York London, pp 39-120 Ewert J-P (1989) Internationaler Dialog zwischen Neuro-Biologen und Neuro-Informatikern. Die Erforschung der Neuronen-Netzwerke. GhK Publik, November 1989, p 3 Ewert J-P (1989) Krötenhirn als Computermodell. Wirtschaftsreport. Gesamthochschule Kassel Ewert J-P, Arbib MA (eds) (1989) Visuomotor coordination: amphibians, comparisons, models, and robots. Plenum Press, New York London Ewert J-P, Birukow G (1965) Aufmerksamkeitsverschiebungen durch Begleitreize bei der Beutefanghandlung der Erdkröte (Bufo bufo L). Kurznachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen 6: 27-31 Ewert J-P, Birukow G (1965) Über den Einfluß des Zentralnervensystems auf die Ermüdbarkeit der Richtbewegung im Beuteschema der Erdkröte Bufo bufo (L). Naturwissenschaften 52: 68-69 Ewert J-P, Borchers H-W (1971) Reaktionscharakteristik von Neuronen aus dem Tectum opticum und Subtectum der Erdkröte Bufo bufo (L). Z Vergl Physiol 71: 165-189 Ewert J-P, Borchers H-W (1974) Antwort von retinalen Ganglienzellen bei freibeweglichen Kröten (Bufo bufo L). J Comp Physiol 92: 117-130 Ewert J-P, Borchers H-W (1974) Inhibition of toad (Bufo bufo L) retinal on-off and off-ganglion cells via active eye closing. Vision Res 14: 1275-1276 Ewert J-P, Burghagen H (1979) Configurational prey selection by Bufo, Alytes, Bombina, and Hyla. Brain Behav Evol 16: 157-175 Ewert J-P, Burghagen H (1979) Ontogenetic aspects on visual 'size-constancy' phenomena in the midwife toad Alytes obstetricans (Laur). Brain Behav Evol 16: 99-112 Ewert J-P, Burghagen H (1984) Verhaltensphysiologische Versuche an Amphibien. In: Nachtigall W (ed) Verhaltensphysiologischer Grundkurs: Theorie, Beobachtung, Messung, Auswertung. Verlag Chemie GmbH, Weinheim, pp 109-118 Ewert J-P, Ewert SB (1981) Wahrnehmung. Biologische Arbeitsbücher 35, Quelle & Meyer, Heidelberg Ewert J-P, Finkenstädt T (1987) Modulation of tectal functions by prosencephalic loops in amphibians. Behav Brain Sci 10: 122-123 Ewert J-P, Gebauer L (1973) Größenkonstanzphänomene im Beutefangverhalten der Erdkröte (Bufo bufo L). J Comp Physiol 85: 303-315 Ewert J-P, Härter H-A (1968) Inhibitions-Phänomene im visuellen System der Erdkröte. Naturwissenschaften 55/5: 235 Ewert J-P, Härter H-A (1969) Der hemmende Einfluß gleichzeitig bewegter Beuteattrappen auf das Beutefangverhalten der Erdkröte. Z Vergl Physiol 64: 135-153 Ewert J-P, Hock FJ (1972) Movement sensitive neurones in the toad's retina. Exp Brain Res 16: 41-59 Ewert J-P, Ingle DJ (1971) Excitatory effects following habituation of prey-catching activity in frogs and toads. J Comp Physiol Psychol 77: 369-374 Ewert J-P, Kehl W (1978) Configurational prey selection by individual experience in the toad Bufo bufo. J Comp Physiol 126: 105-114 Ewert J-P, Kleinlogel H (1971) Jahreszeitliche Änderung der Wisch-Aktivität bei der Erdkröte Bufo bufo (L). Z Tierpsychol 28: 479-486 Ewert J-P, Kühnemund H (1986) Ethologie; 4. Neuroethologie, Teil I: Wie wird ein Reiz erkannt? Fernstudium Naturwissenschaften, DIFF Univ Tübingen, Tübingen Ewert J-P, Kühnemund H (1986) Ethologie; 4. Neuroethologie, Teil II: Wie wird eine Reaktion gestartet? Fernstudium Naturwissenschaften, DIFF Univ Tübingen, Tübingen Ewert J-P, Rehn B (1968) Wirksamkeit optischer Reizmuster beim Auslösen des Fluchtverhaltens der Wechselkröte. Naturwissenschaften 55/7: 352 Ewert J-P, Rehn B (1969) Quantitative Analyse der Reiz-Reaktionsbeziehungen bei visuellem Auslösen des Fluchtverhaltens der Wechselkröte (Bufo viridis Laur). Behaviour 35: 212-234 Ewert J-P, Seelen W v (1974) Neurobiologie und System-Theorie eines visuellen Muster-Erkennungsmechanismus bei Kröten. Kybernetik 14: 167-183 Ewert J-P, Siefert G (1974) Neuronal correlates of seasonal changes in contrast-detection of prey catching behaviour in toads (Bufo bufo L). Vision Res 14: 431-432 Ewert J-P, Siefert G (1974) Seasonal change of contrast detection in the toad's Bufo bufo (L) visual system. J Comp Physiol 94: 177-186 Ewert J-P, Traud R (1979) Releasing stimuli for antipredator behaviour in the common toad Bufo bufo (L). Behaviour 68: 170-180 Ewert J-P, Wietersheim A v (1974) Der Einfluß von Thalamus/Praetectum-Defekten auf die Antwort von Tectum-Neuronen gegenüber bewegten visuellen Mustern bei der Kröte (Bufo bufo L). J Comp Physiol 92: 149-160 Ewert J-P, Wietersheim A v (1974) Ganglienzellklassen in der retino-tectalen Projektion der Kröte Bufo bufo (L). Acta Anatomica 88: 56-66 Ewert J-P, Wietersheim A v (1974) Musterauswertung durch tectale und thalamus/praetectale Nervennetze im visuellen System der Kröte (Bufo bufo L). J Comp Physiol 92: 131-148 Ewert J-P, Speckhardt I, Amelang W (1970) Visuelle Inhibition and Exzitation im Beutefangverhalten der Erdkröte (Bufo bufo L). Z vergl Physiol 68: 84-110 Ewert J-P, Hock FJ, Wietersheim A v (1974) Thalamus/Praetectum/Tectum: retinale Topographie und physiologische Interaktionen bei der Kröte (Bufo bufo L). J Comp Physiol 92: 343-356 Ewert J-P, Borchers H-W, Wietersheim A v (1978) Question of prey feature detectors in the toad's Bufo bufo (L) visual system: a correlation analysis. J Comp Physiol 126: 43-47 Ewert J-P, Arend B, Becker V, Borchers H-W (1979) Invariants in configurational prey selection by Bufo bufo (L). Brain Behav Evol 16: 38-51 Ewert J-P, Borchers H-W, Wietersheim A v (1979) Directional sensitivity, invariance, and variability of tectal T5 neurons in response to moving configural stimuli in the toad Bufo bufo (L). J Comp Physiol 132: 191-201 Ewert J-P, Krug H, Schönitz G (1979) Activity of retinal class R3 ganglion cells in the toad Bufo bufo (L) in response to moving configurational stimuli: influence of the movement direction. J Comp Physiol 129: 211-215 Ewert J-P, Burghagen H, Albrecht L, Kepper J (1982) Effects of background structure on the discrimination of configurational moving prey dummies by toads Bufo bufo (L). J Comp Physiol 147: 179-187 Ewert J-P, Capranica RR, Ingle DJ (eds) (1983) Advances in vertebrate neuroethology. Plenum Press, New York Ewert J-P, Burghagen H, Schürg-Pfeiffer E (1983) Neuroethological analysis of the innate releasing mechanism for prey-catching behavior in toads. In: Ewert J-P, Capranica RR, Ingle DJ (eds) Advances in vertebrate neuroethology. Plenum Press, New York London, pp 413-475 Ewert J-P, Schürg-Pfeiffer E, Weerasuriya A (1984) Neurophysiological data regarding motor pattern generation in the medulla oblongata of toads. Naturwissenschaften 71: 590-591 Ewert J-P, Matsumoto N, Schwippert WW (1985) Morphological identification of prey-selective neurons in the grass frog's optic tectum. Naturwissenschaften 72: 661-662 Finkenstädt T, Ewert J-P (1983) Processing of area dimensions of visual key stimuli by tectal neurons in Salamandra salamandra. J Comp Physiol 153: 85-98. Finkenstädt T, Ewert J-P (1983) Visual pattern discrimination through interactions of neural networks: a combined electrical brain stimulation, brain lesion, and extracellular recording study in Salamandra salamandra. J Comp Physiol 153: 99-110. Finkenstädt T, Ewert J-P (1985) Glucose utilization in the toad's brain during anesthesia and stimulation of the ascending reticular arousal system: a 14C-2- deoxyglucose study. Naturwiss. 72: 161-162 Finkenstädt T, Ewert J-P (1988) Stimulus-specific long-term habituation of visually guided orienting behavior toward prey in toads: a 14C-2DG study. J Comp Physiol A 163: 1-11 Finkenstädt T, Ewert J-P (1988) Visuelles assoziatives Lernen bei Erdkröten und sein zugrundeliegendes neurales Wirkungsgefüge. Verh Dtsch Zool Ges 81: 228 Finkenstädt T, Ebbesson SOE, Ewert J-P (1983) Projections to the midbrain tectum in Salamandra salamandra L. Cell Tiss Res 234: 39-55 Finkenstädt T, Adler NT, Allen TO, Ebbesson SOE, Ewert J-P (1985) Mapping of brain activity in mesencephalic and diencephalic structures of toads during presentation of visual key stimuli: a computer assisted analysis of 14C-2DG autoradiographs. J Comp Physiol A 156: 433-445 Finkenstädt T, Adler NT, Allen TO, Ewert J-P (1986) Regional distribution of glucose utilization in the telencephalon of toads in response to configurational visual stimuli: a 14C-2DG study. J Comp Physiol A 158: 457-467 Gonzalez-Lima F, Finkenstädt T, Ewert J-P (1989) Learning-related activation in the auditory system of the rat produced by long-term habituation: a 14C-2-deoxyglucose study. Brain Res 489: 67-79 Gonzalez-Lima F, Finkenstädt T, Ewert J-P (1989) Neural substrates for long-term habituation of the acoustic startle reflex in rats: a 14C 2-deoxyglucose study. Neurosci Lett 96: 151-156 Gonzalez-Lima F, Finkenstädt T, Ewert J-P (1989) Neural substrates for long-term habituation of the acoustic startle reflex visualized using 2-Deoxyglucose: regional changes in auditory, reticular and cerebellar systems. Soc Neurosci Abstr 14: 783 Laming PR, Ewert J-P (1983) The effects of pretectal lesions on neuronal, sustained potential shift and electroencephalographic responses of the toad tectum to presentation of a visual stimulus. Comp Biochem Physiol 76: 247-252 Laming PR, Ewert J-P (1984) Visual unit, EEG and sustained potential shift responses to biologically significant stimuli in the brain of toads (Bufo bufo). J Comp Physiol A 154: 89-101 Laming PR, Borchers H-W, Ewert J-P (1984) Visual unit, EEG and sustained potential shift responses in the brains of toads (Bufo bufo) during alert and defensive behavior. Physiol Behav 32: 463-468 Laming PR, Ewert J-P, Borchers H-W (1984) Effects of telencephalic ablation on visual unit, sustained potential shift, and EEGs recorded from the toad tectum in response to a visual stimulus. Behav Neurosci 98/1: 118-124. Matsumoto N, Schwippert WW, Ewert J-P (1986) Intracellular activity of morphologically identified neurons of the grass frog's optic tectum in response to moving configurational visual stimuli. J Comp Physiol A 159: 721-739 Matsumoto N, Schwippert WW, Beneke TW, Ewert J-P (1991) Forebrain-mediated control of visually guided prey-catching in toads: investigation of striato-pretectal connections with intracellular recording/labeling methods. Behav Processes 25: 27-40 Megela A, Borchers H-W, Ewert J-P (1983) Relation between activity of tectal neurons and prey-catching behavior in toads Bufo bufo. Naturwissenschaften 70: 100-101 Satou M, Ewert J-P (1984) Specification of tecto-motor outflow in toads by antidromic stimulation of tecto-bulbar/spinal pathways. Naturwissenschaften 71: 52 Satou M, Ewert J-P (1985) The antidromic activation of tectal neurons by electrical stimuli applied to the caudal medulla oblongata in the toad Bufo bufo L. J Comp Physiol A 157: 739-748 Schürg-Pfeiffer E, Ewert J-P (1981) Investigation of neurons involved in the analysis of Gestalt prey features in the frog Rana temporaria. J Comp Physiol 141: 139-152 Schürg-Pfeiffer E, Ewert J-P (1987) Correlation between responses of prey-selective T5.2 neurons and prey-catching in freely moving toads. In: Elsner N, Creutzfeldt O (eds) New frontiers in brain research. Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart Schürg-Pfeiffer E, Spreckelsen C, Ewert J-P (1988) Correlation between behavior and neuronal activity in the medulla oblongata of toads. In: Elsner N, Barth FG (eds) New frontiers in brain research. G Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart New York, p 276 Schürg-Pfeiffer E, Spreckelsen C, Ewert J-P (1988) Properties of prey-selective neurons in behaving toads. Neurosci Lett Suppl 25: 39 Schwippert WW, Ewert J-P (1987) Visual neurons in the medulla oblongata of common toads: intracellular recording and labeling. In: Elsner N, Creutzfeldt O (eds) New frontiers in brain research. Proc 15th Göttingen Neurobiol Conf. G Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart, p 158 Schwippert WW, Ewert J-P, Matsumoto N (1986) Identification of feature-coding tectal neurons in frogs by intracellular methods. In: Elsner N, Rathmayer W (Hrsg) Sensomotorik Identifizierter Neurone. G Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart, p 224 Tsai H-J, Ewert J-P (1986) Edge preference of neuronal activities in response to moving wormlike stripes in amphibians. Int Congr Neuroethol Abstr 1: 82 Tsai H-J, Ewert J-P (1987) Edge preference of retinal and tectal neurons in common toads (Bufo bufo) in response to worm-like moving stripes: the question of behaviorally relevant "position indicators." J Comp Physiol 161: 295-304 Tsai H-J, Ewert J-P (1988) Influence of stationary and moving textured backgrounds on the response of visual neurons in toads (Bufo bufo L). Brain Behav Evol 32: 27-38 Tsai H, Burghagen H, Schürg-Pfeiffer E, Ewert J-P (1983) Neuronal correlates of edge preference in prey-catching behavior of toads Bufo bufo. Naturwissenschaften 70: 310 Weerasuriya A, Ewert J-P (1981) Prey-selective neurons in the toad's optic tectum and sensorimotor interfacing: HRP studies and recording experiments. J Comp Physiol 144: 429-434 Weerasuriya A, Ewert J-P (1983) Afferents of some dorsal retino-recipient areas of the brain of Bufo bufo. Soc Neurosci Abstr 9: 536 Weerasuriya A, Ewert J-P (1984) Afferents of the hypoglossal nucleus in the common European toad, Bufo bufo. American Association for Anatomy Abstracts 84: 192A Wietersheim A v, Ewert J-P (1978) Neurons of the toad's (Bufo bufo L) visual system sensitive to moving configurational stimuli: a statistical analysis. J Comp Physiol 126: 35-42
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